![]() A 3D radar system has antennas arrayed horizontally, whereas 4D radar has elements arrayed both horizontally and vertically. The difference between 3D and 4D radar is in the arrangement of these antenna elements. They can then digitally combine those to create an array of narrow beams ā through a process known as digital beamforming ā which improves the resolution of the resulting image. To collect data, typical radar systems use an array of antenna elements, each with a wide beam. There are two aspects to a 4D imaging radar system: the data collection and the data processing. ![]() And it works better than 3D radar in identifying multiple objects in dense traffic conditions. In addition, 4D imaging radar is better at identifying road contours and boundaries and distinguishing between an object in the road, a low curb, or a seam in the concrete. Is that an obstacle on the roadway or an overhanging street sign? Is that a cyclist near the guardrail or does the road just narrow? In automated driving scenarios in which the driver might not have his or her hands on the wheel or might not be fully alert to driving conditions, 4D radar is superior to 3D radar in identifying objects in the roadway at long distances and helping the vehicle decide the appropriate action to take. For example, when a truck is approaching a bridge underpass, 4D radar can determine whether the vehicle can safely fit under it, or whether there is a vehicle parked under the bridge. Knowing how tall something is, or how high an object is above the roadway, is crucial in a variety of real-world scenarios. These devices get the "imaging radar" label due to the richness of the data they return that is, with both horizontal and vertical data, the radar can detect many different reflection points, which, when mapped out, begin to resemble an image. Newer 4D imaging radar systems add another dimension: vertical information. Traditional radar systems are adept at scanning the roadway across the horizontal plane and identifying the "three Dās" of an object: distance, direction and relative velocity (Doppler). This technology is important in the development of advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) for some Level 2 and 3 functions, and is a key enabler for Level 4 and 5 automated vehicles. 4D imaging radar is high-resolution, long-range sensor technology that offers significant advantages over 3D radar, particularly when it comes to identifying the height of an object. ![]()
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